Official COFOG category

Pre-primary and primary education

ISCED 0–1: nursery, kindergarten, and primary school.

Latest annual spend€12.3bn2024

Share of government spending3.7%2024

Year-over-year change3953.8%2024

2003–2024

Notable events

2014–2015 · reform
Sixth State Reform — competences transferred to regions
The Sixth State Reform entered into force July 2014 with transitional rollout through 2015. Family allowances, healthcare-adjacent spending, and employment policy moved from federal to regional/community budgets, producing breaks in the pre-/post-reform federal series.
2020–2021 · shock
COVID-19 pandemic — public spending response
Federal and regional emergency outlays for healthcare, employment, and family support drove a sharp transient spike in 2020-2021 across most COFOG categories.